Born in 1452, the illegitimate son of a notary and a peasant, Leonardo di sur Pedro da Vinci transcended these humble beginnings to become the first true Renaissance man. After already distinguishing himself locally as a gifted artist, Leonardo was apprenticed at age fourteen to a major Florentine Master Artist and spent the next six years learning the art and science behind art and at age twenty he was awarded the title of Master. Historically, he surfaced again after six more years with his first major commission, “the Adoration of the Magi.” Prior to finishing this work, he moved to Milan and continued accepting commissions, studying anatomy, and improving his skills. During this time he painted “Virgin on the Rocks” and “The Last Supper.” His final commission in Milan was for a massive equestrian statue cast in bronze, but when the Second Italian War intervened, the seventy tons of bronze were used for casting cannons, and Leonardo fled for Venice where he took up employment as a military architect and engineer. After returning to Florence after the war, he continued his commissions and in 1502, he took service with the son of Pope Alexander IV, and a military engineer and mapmaker. During his service with the Borgias, he painted his now lost masterpiece, “The Battle of Anghiari.”
By 1506, Leonardo lived in Milan and spent his time training apprentices, painting, and writing, but by 1513 he was living in the Vatican and working with both Raphael and Michelangelo and in 1516, he took service with King Francis I of France, and remained in his service for the remainder of his life. After his death, his journals and notebooks revealed a massive treasure trove of scientific drawings, inventions, and studies on human and animal anatomy, botany, psychic readings, engineering, and physics; all written in mirror script, requiring a mirror to read.
Over the centuries, Leonardo da Vinci’s reputation has grown from that of a very gifted artist to what he is today, the leading genius of the Renaissance, and inventor of unparalleled acumen and the father of many new artistic endeavors including cartography.